They are as follows:

1. Lecture method
2. Discussion method
3. Demonstration method
4. Discovery method
5. Project method
6. Field trips
7. LECTURE METHOD

It is a teacher-dominated method of teaching; hence it is termed a didactic method. It involves verbal presentation of ideas, concepts, generalization and facts. This method is just used to stiff the students with information. The teacher does most of the work by talking while students are just passive or slightys involved by taking notes and asking few or no question. Thus, it is teacher-centered. It is normally used in tertiary institutions than primary and secondary schools.

THE ADVANTAGES OF LECTURE METHOD

1. It is cheap to operate as no special apparatus is needed.
2. Large classes/number of students can be handled by the teacher.

• It saves teacher’s time and energy.

1. It trains students’ ability to pick salient points.

THE DISADVANTAGES OF LECTURE METHOD

1. It makes the students passive listeners instead of active listener.
2. It cannot be used in teaching certain types of concepts e.g feelings and topics which require practical.

• It encourages rote learning or memorization.

1. It leave the students accept the teacher as the final authority.
2. Since it is a fast method, it cannot meet the different needs of the students with regards to individual differences.

DISCUSSION METHOD

          This is the method by which knowledge arises within the student and not from any external source and the teacher serves as a moderator. This method referred to as being student-centered since it is characterized by active participation and interaction of the students.

THE ADVANTAGES OF DISCUSSION METHOD

1. Students learn more because of their active participation involvement in the class.
2. It provides good practice for problem solving.

• It provides the teachers with information about the students.

1. It keeps the students’ brain alert.

THE DISADVANTAGES OF DISCUSSION METHOD

1. It takes time.
2. It does not allow for easy coverage of the syllabus.

• Some students may not participate in the lessen because they do not know or know little about the topic of the discussion.

DEMONSTRATION METHOD

This method involves a display or exhibition by the teacher under the watchful eyes of the students.

THE ADVANTAGES OF DEMONSTRATION METHOD

1. It is an inexpensive method since only the demonstrator needs material.
2. It can reduce hazards, for example, breakages and accidents that might have occurred if students embarked on individual or group work.

• A good demonstration method sustains the learners’ attention.

THE DISADVANTAGES OF DEMONSTRATION METHOD

1. Where the demonstration is restricted to the teacher alone, students will be denied the opportunity to acquire manipulative skills in handling of materials and apparatus.
2. Students could be misinformed mislead when demonstrations are not properly planned and executed.

DISCOVERY METHOD

          This method helps students to find the answer themselves. Students are actively involved and are allowed to explore the situation or environment and discover new facts, ideas or information themselves. It is a learner-centered approach; hence it is called heuristic method.

THE ADVANTAGES OF DISCOVERY METHOD

1. Retention of information discovered is increased since the students faced the challenges of discovery the facts themselves.
2. The joy in discovering something provides the students with intrinsic motivation.

THE DISADVANTAGES OF DISCOVERY MEHTOD

• It takes time.

1. It is expensive
2. It is only good for a small class where effective teacher supervision is possible.

PROJECT METHOD

It is a method of teaching that invests responsibility on the individual or group of students to carry out learning activities with the teacher playing supervisory role. It centers on execution of assignment (s) of interest by an individual or a group of students. It is a practical method of teaching and it requires creativity and innovative ideas on the part of the students.

THE ADVANTAGES OF PROJECT METHOD

1. It provides opportunity for students to develop their initiative.
2. It offers opportunity for students to develop their creative ability and it also help to identify talented students.

• It encourages healthy competition among students.

1. Project helps the learner to be more enduring in his work.

THE DISADVANTAGES OF PROJECT METHOD

1. It is time consuming
2. It may be difficult to ascertain the extent to which an individual has participated, especially in group project.

• In group projects, some students may not participate in the project at all.

FIELD TRIP METHOD

          It involves taking students on an excursion outside the classroom for the purpose of making relevant observation necessary for understanding the topic under study.

          Field trips offer students firsthand experience since they see and observe processes in natural life settings.

THE ADVANTAGES OF FIELD TRIPS

1. It helps students to obtain firsthand experience in real life setting.
2. It provides opportunity for student to identify ways of spending leisure time profitably.

• Things that cannot be brought to the classroom can be observed and studied.

1. It helps to add reality to life.

THE DISADVANTAGES OF FIELD TRIPS

1. It takes time and also expensive.
2. It sometimes result to accidents

• It may create conflict with other classes

1. It may be a waste of time if not well prepared and planned.